Ubuntu is a very nice linux distribution and I use it on most of my systems, desktop or server. Ubuntu is a Debian derivative. It could not exist if Debian was not there. Ubuntu is maintained by Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu has put great effort in making a operating system that can be installed and used […]
IP (Internet Protocol) The defacto standard does not fully comply to the OSI model IP package Version Header length Type of Service Total length Identification Flags Fragment offset Time To Live (TTL) Protocol Header checksum Destination IP Source IP Options Data 4 bits 4 bits 8 bits 16 bits 16 bits 3 bits 13 bits
Ethernet is a protocol on OSI level 2, the data-link layer. An ethernet package is typically 1500Bytes large(MTU, Maximum Transfer Unit), this has its root in the bus-shaped networks it was designed for. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) this means all hosts on the bus listen if the line is
IP addresses have a network part and a host-part, hosts in the same subnet can reach each other directly. To reach a host on another subnet you need a gateway (router) to the other network. IPv4 Address classes Class Address starting bits First Byte less than Comment A 0 127 B 10 192 127 is
IPv6 addresses have 128 bits, and notated as hexadecimals in 8 colon seperated groups. In each group leading zero’s can be skipped and once in an address a sequence of groups only containing zero’s can be replaced by a double colon (::). 2001:4b98:0041:0000:0000:bc7c:0124 => 2001:4b98:41::bc7c:124 2001:0000:0000:0041:0000:0000:0124 => 2001::41:0:0:0124 or 2001:0:0:41::124 IPv4 addresses can be written
IPv6 support in the Netherlands is still not really taken up by the larger ISPs. In 2009 I created a IPv6 tunnel on the SIXXS network. Beginning 2013 is looked like Telfort (my ISP at that time) was starting to support IPv6, they enabled 6RD, that could be used after modifying the modem settings manually.
IPv6 Traffic graphs Read More »